5. ETHNIC STUDIES

British, Chinese, Dutch, Iban, Indian, Kenyah, Malay, Murut, Orang Asli, Portuguese.

5.1 British

• Allen, Charles. Tales from the South China Seas. Images of the British in South-East Asia in the Twentieth Century. BBC 1983, Futura, 1984, 319pp. Based on BBC oral history series. Few references to religion, but invaluable background.

  Butcher, John G. The British in Malaya 1880-1941. The social history of a European community in colonial South-East Asia, OUP, Kuala Lumpur, 1979, xx + 293pp. Useful background, but oblivious to the importance of the churches for expatriates.

5.2 Chinese

• Anderson, A S Moore. ‘Chinese Diaspora. The Chinese Church of Malaya,’ International Review of Mission, 16, January 1927, 103-108. Discusses the relations between Chinese Christians of different dialect groups and the importance of church links with their motherland.

  Beighton, Thomas. ‘Penang: description of the island, its population, etc., Chinese missions, their establishment, progress and present state,’ Chinese Repository, 3(5), 1834, pp.221-230.

  Fleming, John Robb. The growth of the Chinese Church in the New Villages of the State of Johore, Malaya, 1950/60 - a study in the communication of the Gospel to Chinese converts, ThD thesis, Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1962.

  Law, Gail. Chinese churches handbook, Chinese Coordination Centre of World Evangelism, Hong Kong, 1982, pp.129-170.

  Lim Cheng Ean. The seed growing quietly. A pastoral theological study on Christian conversion in a Malaysian Chinese context, DPS, SEAGST, 1988, 310pp.

  Ng Moon Hing. History and mission of the Anglican Chinese Church in West Malaysia, MDiv dissertation, Seminari Theoloji Malaysia, 1989, iv + 155pp.

  Nyce, R. Chinese New Villages in Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1973.

  Nyce, R. ‘The Gospel and Chinese religions today,’ South East Asia Journal of Theology, 14(2), 1973, pp.46-55.

5.3 Dutch

• Baxter, Ian. ‘Dutch records from Malacca in the India Office records,’ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 56(2), 1983, p.105ff. Records of the Orphan Chamber and Court of Justice particularly for the periods 1795-1818 and 1818-1825.

  Buddingh, S A. Naamlijst der predikanten in Nederlandsch Oost Indië, van 1615-1857, benevens van die te ... Malakka 1618-1822 ... Batavia: Lange en Co., 1857. Melaka, p.9.

5.4 Iban

• Bingham, D. ‘The Iban experience of religion: as pagans, as Christians,’ East Asia Pastoral Review, 20(2), 1983, pp.117-123.

  Fowler, J A. Communicating the Gospel among the Iban, DMin thesis, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, 1976.

  Fowler, J A. ‘Towards wholeness in ministry among the Iban,’ Missiology, 5(3), July 1977, pp 275-284.

  Gomes, Edwin H. Seventeen years among the Sea Dyaks of Borneo, London, 1911.

  Gomes, Edwin H. The Sea-Dyaks of Borneo with a chapter on missionary work amongst the Dyaks by the Revd. A F Sharp, London, 1917.

  Howes, Peter. ‘Why some of the best people aren’t Christian,’ Sarawak Museum Journal, 9(15-16), July-December 1960, pp.488-495.

  Jensen, E. The Iban and their religion, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1974, 242pp.

  Joseph, Terrence, The long-house church in Sarawak: a study of the rural, Iban, Methodist Church in the new Federation of Malaysia, STM thesis, Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University, 1964, 257pp.

  Muntung, Jonathan Jelanding. History of the Iban Church in Sarawak, Research Paper, Trinity Theological College, Singapore, 1979, 112pp.

  Schwenk, R L. ‘Iban solidarity: structural factors that promote development,’ Missiology, 3(2) 1975, pp.191-207.

  Wang, G and Fowler, A. ‘Accommodation in an Iban Church today,’ South East Asia Journal of Theology, 10(2-3), 1968/9, pp.9-32.

  Varney, Peter D. ‘Sabayan’-Life after death in Borneo,’ Frontier, 11(4), 1968, 275-278. The relationship between Christian and pre-Christian concepts of after-life.

5.5 Indian

• A short history of the life of the late Reverend Royapen Balavendrum, first Tamil minister and missionary, SPG, and of the establishment of the St George’s Tamil mission of the Church of England in Penang and Malaya, typescript. [St George’s microfilm, Seminari Theoloji Malaysia library.]

  Samuel, Paul G T. A hundred years of the Tamil Mission Diocese of West Malaysia (1871-1971), published by the author, Kuala Lumpur, 1971, 37pp.

  Thomas, Chris D. Diaspora Indians: Church growth among Indians in West Malaysia, Malaysia Indian Evangelism Council, Penang, 1978, 214pp. A church growth study of Tamil churches with special reference to the Assembly of God.

  Thomas A/L Soma Rajan. Gereja Methodist Malaysia: Satu Kajian Mengenai Sejarah Pembentukan dan Perkembangannya dengan memberi tumpuan khas kepada Gereja Methodist Tamil [The Methodist Church of Malaysia: a study concerning the history of its formation and development with special focus on the Tamil Methodist Church], Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1988/89, xx + 172pp.

  Thoraisingam, Eddie J. The potential of the Methodist Tamil Church in West Malaysia for evangelizing and church planting, DMiss thesis, Fuller Theological Seminary, 1977.

  Vethamani, Victor J. A study of Methodist Tamil work in Malaysia with particular reference to the formation of the Tamil Annual Conference, student thesis, Union Biblical Seminary, Yavatmal, 1981, 82pp.

5.6 Kenyah

• Conley, William W. ‘Kenyah receptivity and response to Christianity,’ Sarawak Museum Journal, 22(43), December 1974, pp.311-324.

  Rousseau, Jérôme, ‘Transformations religieuses dans le centre de Borneo,’ Anthropologie et Sociétés, (Université Laval), 3(3), 1979, pp.127-140, 162. Bungan cult and Christian influences among the Kayan and Kenyah. [copy of English translation by A S Worrall available in Seminari Theoloji Malaysia.]

  Whittier, Herbert L. ‘The Kenyah’ in Victor T King, Essays on Borneo Societies, Oxford University Press for the University of Hull, 1978.

5.7 Malay

• Blasdell, R A. ‘High tide in Malaya,’ International Review of Mission, 43(170), April, 1954, 186-190. Similar theme to 1952 article.

  Blasdell, R A. ‘Renaissance in Malaya,’ International Review of Mission, 41(161), January 1952, pp.83-89. The social situation and evangelistic opportunities.

  Browne, Laurence Edward. Christianity and the Malays, SPG and SPCK, London, 1936, vii + 78pp. Result of visit sponsored by the Anglican Bishop.

  Browne, Laurence Edward. The Malays: the people of the mouse-deer, SPG, London, 1934, 19pp.

  Dodsworth, Marmaduke. The assimilation of Christianity by the Malays of the Malay Peninsular, MA Thesis, University of Chicago, 1928, 76pp.

  Marrison, G E. ‘Islam and the Church in Malaya,’ Moslem World, 47, 1957, pp.290-298. Survey of the history and legal position.

  Rauws, T. Islam and Christianity in Malaya, Moslem World, 1, 1911, pp.241-248.

  Roxborogh, W John. ‘Ministry to all the people? The Anglican Church in Malaysia,’ in W J Sheils and Diana Wood, eds., Ministry, clerical and lay, Studies in Church History, 26, Blackwell, Oxford, 1989, pp.423-431.

  Shellabear, William Girdlestone, ‘The Gospel for Malays,’ Moslem World, 36, 1946, pp.236-239. Brief account of his own involvement and a list of his Malay publications from 1888 to 1940.

  Tisdall, Chas. E G. ‘Singapore as a centre for Moslem work,’ Moslem World, 8, 1918, pp.5-9.

  Wheeler, L Richmond. ‘Islam in Malaya,’ International Review of Mission, 17, 1928, pp.342-353. Survey of Islam and Christianity in Malaya and what would be needed for Anglican involvement.

5.8 Murut

• Davis, G C. ‘A hundred days drunk,’ Frontier, 6(1), 1961, pp.50-54. The effect of the ministry of the Borneo Evangelical Mission/Sidang Injil Borneo on a tribe which the government had given up as hopeless.

5.9 Orang Asli

• Means, Paul & Nathalie, And the seed grew, nd.[1981], np., 95pp. Methodist mission among the Sengoi in West Malaysia.

  Shastri, Hermen P. Christ in tribal culture. A study of the interaction between Christianity and Semai society of Peninsular Malaysia in the context of the history of the Methodist Mission (1930-1983), DTheol, University of Heidelberg, 1989, viii + 213pp.

5.10 Portuguese

• Boxer, C R. The Portuguese seaborne empire 1415-1825, Hutchinson, London, 1969, 1977. 426pp. Limited references to Melaka, but invaluable background.

  MacGregor, I A. ‘Notes on the Portuguese in Malaya,’ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 28(2), 1955, pp.5-47.

  Pintado, Manuel Joaquim. ‘Some Portuguese historical sources on Malacca history,’ Heritage [Singapore National Museum] 3, 1978, pp.20-62. A wide-ranging discusion and listing of sources in English, French and Portuguese relating to Malacca.

  Sta Maria, Bernard. My people, my country. The story of the Malacca Portuguese community, Malacca Portuguese Development Centre, Malacca, 1982, 236pp. Draws attention to role of lay groups in keeping the faith, particularly during the Dutch period.

  Teixeira, Manuel. The Portuguese missions in Malacca and Singapore (1511-1958), Agência Geral do Ultramar, Lisbon, 1961, 1963, 3 vols. Detailed but uncritical.